Since its debut in 1986, the TAG Heuer Formula 1 has been a symbol of individuality and performance. It was the first watch to carry the TAG Heuer name and introduced bold color, daring design, and innovative composite cases reflecting the dynamism of the late twentieth century. These timepieces became statements of identity, worn by those drawn to speed, competition, and self-expression. The collection quickly became inseparable from the world of Formula 1, a sport where precision and emotion coexist at breathtaking intensity.

Through the decades, the TAG Heuer Formula 1 continuously adapted, mirroring shifts in design, technology, and cultural sensibilities. In 2025, the introduction of the TAG Heuer Solargraph movement marked another decisive chapter, as it was the first time this TAG Heuer movement got included into the TAG Heuer Formula 1 collection. Harnessing light as an energy source, the technology embodied the forward-thinking innovation that has always driven TAG Heuer. The refined 38mm silhouette striked a thoughtful balance between heritage-inspired proportions and contemporary wearability.

Today, TAG Heuer continues this journey with a radiant reinterpretation inspired by its own history. This latest evolution builds on a story that has shaped contemporary watch culture and continues with a fresh visual language that radiates confidence and vitality.

A Fresh Expression of Racing Energy
The new pastel series express a softer yet deeply confident vision of the TAG Heuer Formula 1 identity.
These timepieces reinterpret the iconic design codes through soft pastel tones drawn from the collection’s colorful heritage, reimagined with a fresh contemporary sensibility that evokes optimism, clarity, and vibrant self-expression.

The TAG Heuer Formula 1 Solargraph 38mm with beige opalin dial, limited to 3’500 timepieces, radiates understated warmth. Its harmonious palette recalls the effortless elegance of sunlit surfaces, where subtle contrasts enhance the architectural geometry of the shields and cool gray minuterie. The result is a presence that feels serene and unmistakably assertive.

The TAG Heuer Formula 1 Solargraph 38mm with pastel pink opalin dial, limited to 2’500 timepieces, captures vitality and expressive energy. The immersive monochromatic composition transforms the watch into a dynamic extension of personal style, echoing the vibrant boldness that defined the earliest models.

The TAG Heuer Formula 1 Solargraph 38mm with pastel blue opalin dial, limited to 3’000 timepieces, embodies freshness and clarity. Its cool tonality evokes open horizons and fluid movement, reflecting the spirit of speed through an unexpectedly refined lens.

Crafted in TH Polylight, the cases offer remarkable lightness and tactile comfort while amplifying chromatic intensity. The iconic bidirectional bezel, Mercedes hour hand, and signature shields remain, anchoring each model firmly within the TAG Heuer Formula 1 lineage.

Powered by the Solargraph movement, the watches harness both natural and artificial light as a virtually unlimited energy source. A two-minute exposure to direct sunlight is enough to power the watch for an entire day, while a full charge, reached in under 40 hours of light exposure, delivers up to ten months of autonomy in total darkness. Even after stopping, the watch restarts with just ten seconds of light exposure, and its accumulator offers an impressive lifespan of up to fifteen years, ensuring enduring reliability.

Refined Modernity
TAG Heuer expands the TAG Heuer Formula 1 Solargraph universe with two refined interpretations that blend sporty dynamism and luxurious detail. The 38mm pastel green and lavender-blue editions are distinguished by the subtle brilliance of diamond-set indexes, offering a touch of refinement for those seeking sophistication. The TAG Heuer Formula 1 Solargraph 38mm pastel green model pairs contemporary color with sparkling luminosity, while the TAG Heuer Formula 1 Solargraph 38mm
lavender blue version, accented with pastel pink minuterie, creates a sophisticated contrast where the diamond-set indexes catch the light and enhance depth, with the pastel green edition limited to 1,500 pieces and the lavender blue to 1,000.

Encased in sand blasted steel and complemented by a three-row steel bracelet, these timepieces convey a heightened sense of elegance while preserving the unmistakable energy and presence of TAG Heuer Formula 1.

An Invitation to the Formula 1 Dream
The new TAG Heuer Formula 1 Solargraph 38mm pastel series continue to redefine the TAG Heuer Formula 1 universe and become an emotional gateway into the world of racing, where performance meets self-expression, and heritage meets contemporary personality.

In every reflection of light, in every soft hue, the collection celebrates a simple yet powerful essence.
Racing is a feeling, a pulse, a state of mind, living beyond the track.

The post RACING IN PASTELS BUILDING ON A HERITAGE SHAPED BY COLOR, SPEED, AND VIBRANCY, TAG HEUER PRESENTS THE PASTEL COLLECTION OF THE TAG HEUER FORMULA 1 SOLARGRAPH 38MM. appeared first on Arab Watch Guide.

IWC Schaffhausen boasts 90 years of experience in crafting tool watches that are purpose-designed to meet the requirements of aviation. In recent years, the Swiss luxury watch manufacturer has gained first experiences in space through participating in the Inspiration4 and Polaris Dawn human spaceflight missions. However, every watch that has traveled to space to date has essentially been a modified terrestrial aviation watch. As commercial space exploration enters a new era, IWCSchaffhausen is now pushing the limits with the Pilot’s Venturer Vertical Drive (Ref. IW328601). This milestone marks the first IWC watch that has been designed and engineered from the ground up for the unique and challenging demands of human spaceflight.

“When our engineering division XPL developed the Pilot’s Venturer Vertical Drive, they did not simply adapt an existing watch design for use in space. They took a blank sheet of paper and worked to define from scratch what a tool watch for astronauts would have to offer in terms of functionality, ease of operation, time display and material execution. Every single detail of this watch has been single-mindedly optimized for the unique requirements of human spaceflight and timekeeping in space. It was crucial for us to put the final watch into the experienced hands of real space professionals. After undergoing rigorous testing by our partner, Vast, the Pilot’s Venturer Vertical Drive is the first IWC watch that has received certification for spaceflight,” explains Chris Grainger-Herr, CEO of IWC Schaffhausen.

“The new space age is shaped by innovative and ambitious companies that push the boundaries of science and technology. These emerging players operate much like brands, deliberately harnessing the power of design to inspire people and spark enthusiasm for their bold visions. To reflect this, we have chosen a forward-looking, dynamic and beautifully minimalist design expression for the Pilot’s Venturer Vertical Drive. With its rounded edges and black and white color scheme, it embodies our vision of a modern space watch and carries IWC’s tool watch legacy into the 21st century,” adds Christian Knoop, Creative Director at IWC Schaffhausen.

DESIGNED FOR OPERATION WITHOUT A CROWN
The Pilot’s Venturer Vertical Drive features an innovative, patent-pending rotating bezel system that allows all watch functions to be controlled without the use of a crown. Inspired by the scenario of astronauts wearing a space suit during spacewalks (EVA, or Extravehicular Activity), the ultimate exploration moment, the watch is designed to be able to be operated while wearing gloves.

The movements of the bezel are transmitted to the winding stem through an efficient clutch system known as “Vertical Drive.” A rocker switch on the side of the case enables the wearer to change between various functions, including winding the movement or setting the two different time zones. The watch can be wound using the integrated oscillating mass or by rotating the bezel anti-clockwise. This hybrid winding system ensures efficient operation both on Earth and in microgravity or zero-gravity environments.

DISPLAYING THE MISSION’S REFERENCE TIME IN 24-HOUR FORMAT
The Pilot’s Venturer Vertical Drive boasts a matte black dial that is reduced to the absolute essentials and avoids light reflections. With highly legible markings, it displays two different times. The mission’s reference time is indicated by the central hour and minute hand, and also in 24-hour format by a dedicated hand on the outer dial scale, which runs from 00:00 to 24:00.
The necessity for a 24-hour display comes from the fact that a spacecraft or a space station completes an orbital cycle around the Earth roughly every 90 minutes. This means astronauts experience as many as 16 sunrises and sunsets within a 24-hour period. To manage this rapid sequence of day and night, they adhere to GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) or UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). These formats retain the familiar 24-hour rhythm of Earth time, enabling the crew to keep a consistent routine with work and sleep times while in space.

The central hour and minute hands are normally synchronized with this reference time. If required, however, the hour hand can be moved in one-hour increments to display a second time zone. An astronaut in space can use this function, for example, to show the home time in any location on Earth. After returning to Earth, the second time zone feature transforms the watch into the quintessential companion for frequent flyers: with a simple turn of the bezel, it can be set to display the time at the destination of travel.

The edges of the black triangular hour and minute hands are coated with green Super-LumiNova®, while the arrow-shaped tip of the 24-hour hand glows blue in the dark. The blue second hand points to the inner scale, which features a thin ring in the same shade of blue. The color is a nod to Earth’s oceans as seen by astronauts from space.

This dual-time display is made possible by the newly engineered IWC-manufactured 32722 caliber, an efficient automatic movement with a 120-hour power reserve that includes an integrated GMT module. There is also a date indication at 3 o’clock.

EXTREME ROBUSTNESS AND PERFORMANCE
When ascending to space on a rocket, the engines generate powerful vibrations and astronauts experience acceleration forces of up to 4g, which is equivalent to four times the force of gravity on Earth. In space, hardware is exposed to vacuum, radiation and extreme fluctuations in temperature. Temperatures can exceed 100 °C in direct sunlight and plummet to -150 °C in the shade.

To ensure high robustness and reliable operation during all phases of a mission, the Pilot’s Venturer Vertical Drive is crafted entirely from advanced performance materials. Its case is made of white zirconium oxide ceramic. With a Vickers hardness rating second only to diamond, ceramic ranks among the hardest substances on Earth. The rotating bezel and case back are crafted from Ceratanium®. Developed by IWC, Ceratanium® combines the lightness and structural integrity of titanium with a hardness and scratch resistance similar to that of ceramic. The combination of these two materials makes the watch not only highly robust and resilient but also immune to temperature fluctuations and corrosion. The case back features an engraving that symbolically evokes a space vehicle, reflecting humanity’s curiosity and spirit of exploration.

The Pilot’s Venturer Vertical Drive is fitted with a white integrated FKM rubber strap. FKM (fluorinated rubber) offers excellent thermal insulation and is resistant to UV radiation, ensuring extreme durability.

TESTED AND CERTIFIED FOR SPACEFLIGHT BY VAST
The Pilot’s Venturer Vertical Drive has undergone extensive type testing by IWC’s brand partner, Vast. Vast is building Haven-1, scheduled to be the world’s first commercial space station. Haven-1 will inform Haven-2, a multi-module, continuously crewed station that is the proposed successor to the International Space Station (ISS). Haven stations are state-of-the-art, human-centric innovation labs for both private astronauts and government missions. For Haven-1’s inaugural mission, four crew members will embark on a short duration journey which will include opportunities to conduct advanced science, research and in-space manufacturing. Haven-1 will not support EVAs however its missions will lay the groundwork for future capabilities.

“IWC’s dedication to engineering excellence, delivering uncompromising accuracy, reliability, and astronaut-focused design, aligns perfectly with Vast’s human centric approach to developing Haven-1. We’re thrilled to see this tool watch go from design and testing to launch,” added Max Haot, Vast CEO.

At their headquarters in Long Beach, California, engineers at Vast conducted thorough evaluations of the watch, assessing its resistance to vibrations and pressure changes, as well as the compatibility of its materials with the Haven-1 environment. The vibration tests, for example, exceeded the typical forces that astronauts experience during ascent. The watch was secured to a platform that generated rapid directional changes, exposing it to forces of up to 10g. After each test, the engineers verified that the watch remained intact and fully functional.

The Pilot’s Venturer Vertical Drive has successfully met all the testing criteria required for Haven-1 spaceflight environments and crew usage, earning an official certification for spaceflight from Vast.

The post THE PILOT’S VENTURER VERTICAL DRIVE: IWC SCHAFFHAUSEN’S FIRST TOOL WATCH ENGINEERED AND CERTIFIED FOR HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT, IN PARTNERSHIP WITH VAST appeared first on Arab Watch Guide.

The showcasing of nine decorative crafts through the representation of cultural symbols placed within the decorative arts context of their respective eras

Four models limited to 15 pieces each, powered by the Manufacture Calibre 2460 G4/2, allowing exceptional artistic freedom

Vacheron Constantin and the Louvre Museum, two institutions jointly committed since 2019 to preserving art and culture and passing on traditional craftsmanship

Vacheron Constantin opens a new chapter in its Métiers d’Art Tribute to great civilisations collection of watches. Born from the partnership with the Louvre Museum, the first series of timepieces was unveiled in 2022. Continuing this journey, the Maison now presents four new timepieces that reflect its spirit of cultural exploration. In close collaboration with the museum’s director’s, the Maison selected major works from the Department of Antiquities to celebrate Pharaonic Egypt, the Assyrian Empire, Ancient Greece and Imperial Rome.

As the cradle of modern thought and of the political and social organisations that shape today’s world, the civilisations of Antiquity continue to fascinate through their artistic and architectural achievements. This attraction to foreign and ancient cultures has long nurtured Vacheron Constantin’s spirit of exploration and creativity. The Maison’s commercial expansion from the early 19th century into the Americas, the Middle East and Asia provided countless sources of artistic and cultural inspiration.

Four new Métiers d’Art Tribute to great civilisations pieces celebrate the Louvre Museum’s ancient masterpieces and the decorative arts associated with them, with a constant concern for historical accuracy and authenticity. In agreement with the heads of the Louvre’s departments, the reproduction work took into account the materials used for the original works, namely stones of the same origin and quality. The decorative crafts highlighted in these pieces reflect Vacheron Constantin’s ongoing commitment to preserving and showcasing traditional skills such as glyptics, micro-mosaic, engraving, enamelling, marquetry, gilding and miniature painting.

ARTISTICALLY DESIGNED DIALS

The complexity of the decorative crafts used on these watches required a dial construction composed of several elements, each corresponding to a specific technique. Positioned on a gold base plate, the centre features the effigy of a work representing one of the four civilisations, along with applique ornamentation reflecting the decorative arts characteristic of each culture. Around the periphery, a frieze completes the composition. In order to be assembled like a puzzle, these various components must be perfectly calibrated and adjusted with meticulous care so as not to alter the respective work of each artisan involved in the dial’s ornamentation.

The central effigy is created using stone glyptics, a stone-carving technique consisting of engraving or sculpting the material in relief, traditionally used in the creation of cameos. The selection of stones — identical in nature and/ or origin to those used in the Louvre works — required extensive research. The appliques accompanying the four central figures, as well as the peripheral friezes, both inspired by pieces exhibited in the museum, were also the subject of in-depth study with Louvre experts in order to respect the traditional ornamentation of the four civilisations.

CALIBRE 2460 G4/2 TECHNIQUE IN THE SERVICE OF ART

Leaving the dial free of any hands, the Calibre 2460 G4/2 offers a vast space of expression for master artisans. This 237-component self-winding Manufacture movement is distinguished by its peripheral display of the hours, minutes, day, and date. These indications appear on discs visible through four apertures positioned at the upper and lower sections of the dial. The colours of the discs harmonise with the dial décor and therefore vary according to their placement. Beating at a frequency of 4 Hz (28,800 vibrations per hour) and equipped with a 40-hour power reserve thanks to bidirectional winding, the movement has a thickness of just 6.05 mm.

On the reverse side of the movement, the oscillating weight pays tribute to the Louvre through an 18th-century engraving depicting the museum’s East façade and its colonnade inspired by the work of Louis Le Vau and Claude Perrault. The design matrix was hand-carved before being used to stamp the oscillating weight. The same attention to detail can be found in the movement’s haute horlogerie finishes, which meet the requirements of the Hallmark of Geneva Seal. Visible through the sapphire caseback are bevelled bridges adorned with Côtes de Genève, a circular-grained mainplate and circled wheels.

DECORATIVE CRAFTS IN THE SPOTLIGHT
• Glyptics and sculpture
Glyptics consists of engraving hard materials such as stone, crystal or gemstones to create designs either carved in intaglio or in relief. It requires extreme precision of gesture and a thorough understanding of the material, whose layers, inclusions, and hardness influence every incision. In watchmaking, glyptics is applied to miniature decorative elements only a few millimetres thick, hand-carved under a binocular microscope. Sculpture, which is closely related, involves a more volumetric approach in which the artisan works with depth, textures and light to bring a figure, scene or symbolic motif to life.
• Micro-mosaic
Micro-mosaic is an art consisting of assembling tiny tesserae, generally made of glass paste, enamel or stone, whose size can be smaller than a millimetre. Each fragment is selected for its colour and shape and then positioned under a binocular microscope according to the desired pattern. The result forms an image akin to a mineral painting of striking figurative beauty.

• Marquetry and cloisonné marquetry
Marquetry involves composing a motif or scene by assembling thin “leaves” or veneers made from a variety of materials: rare woods, mother-of-pearl, straw, precious metals, soft stones or even leather. Each element is cut and adjusted with extreme precision before being fixed onto a base and sometimes shaded, engraved, or enhanced with miniature painting to provide additional detail. Cloisonné marquetry, for its part, is a unique process combining metalwork and veneer work in reference to the technique of cloisonné enamelling. The marquetry components are inserted within fine gold wires forming the framework of the design to be created. The same technique may also be applied in a champlevé manner by hollowing out the material.

• Enamelling and miniature painting
Enamelling is an art of fire: coloured glass powders are applied to a gold surface and then fired at high temperatures to create a glossy and durable vitrified layer. Several techniques are used on these pieces — champlevé enamel, flinqué enamel and miniature enamel painting — yet all require mastery of the materials’ coefficients of expansion as well as perfect preparation of the pigments. Champlevé enamel consists of engraving cavities into the thickness of the metal into which enamel powder is deposited in successive layers, each fired in the kiln. Flinqué enamel involves covering an engraved or guilloché plate with translucent enamel in order to give it greater consistency and depth. Miniature enamel painting, meanwhile, much like a master painter’s canvas, involves hand-painting motifs and ornamentation on a surface specially prepared for firing.

• Engraving
Engraving on a watch dial consists of directly incising the metal surface — gold, mother-of-pearl or hard stone — using burins or micro mills to create a continuous, regular and perfectly symmetrical motif. Performed under a binocular microscope, the work requires exceptional mastery of gesture to ensure consistent depth, sharp edges and uniform relief across a surface only a few millimetres thick. Depending on the desired aesthetic, the artisan may play with different textures — satin-finishing, graining or polishing — to enhance contrasts and capture the light.
• Gilding
On a watch dial, gold leaf gilding is a particularly delicate technique. It consists of applying extremely thin leaves of pure gold to the surface of the dial, giving it the radiance and appearance of solid gold. This meticulous process produces a luminous surface of great refinement, capable of offering a variety of finishes, whether brilliant or matte. The technique enriches the dial with a precious and lasting touch.

BUSTE D’AKHÉNATON
EGYPTIAN NEW KINGDOM (1500–1000 BC)

The colossal statue of Akhenaten exhibited at the Louvre bears witness to a singular moment in Egyptian history: the political, religious and artistic reform led by this unconventional pharaoh, whose reign lasted from 1355 to 1337 BC. Son of Amenhotep III, Akhenaten sought to impose the cult of Aten (the solar orb) and to centre it around the king and his family as the sole intermediaries between the human and divine realms. This reform ultimately proved unsuccessful: Tutankhamun, Akhenaten’s son, and successor, swiftly restored the traditional cults. Yet brief as this so-called “Amarna period” of ancient Egypt may have been, it remains one of the most fascinating episodes in its history, notably marked by new aesthetic canons that are clearly visible in the bust of Akhenaten.

Discovered in the 19th century at Amarna, the bust of Akhenaten preserved in the Louvre Museum is fragmentary. Originally, it formed part of a group of pillars erected during the early years of the pharaoh’s reign in a building constructed east of the temple of Karnak. The sovereign is depicted wearing a long ceremonial false beard and holding the two royal sceptres, of which only the handles remain. Carved in sandstone, the statue of the pharaoh is striking for its elongated, almost abstract face, with stretched eyes, full lips, and a pointed chin. This apparent androgyny reflects the religious and artistic revolution initiated by Akhenaten.

To represent him at the centre of the dial, Vacheron Constantin’s designer chose a slightly low-angle profile view, lending the figure an enigmatic expression. The portrait is executed in glyptics. In the interestof authenticity, this reproduction is carved from limestone sandstone from the Sinai in Egypt — the same stone used for the original work. It is hand-patinated to enhance realism, giving it greater volume and depth. Facing it, the pharaoh’s cartouche is engraved on the same calcareous sandstone, based on a wall relief from Karnak. These two central dial components required around 60 hours of work.

Two friezes frame the pharaoh. The outer frieze, inspired by the collar of Nakhti — a jewel composed of tubular beads attributed to this Egyptian chancellor of the 12th Dynasty — is drypoint engraved on a single turquoise ring. A gold border separates it from the inner frieze, executed in stone champlevé, in which the elements are inserted into a motif formed by finely engraved gold threads. For this composition — assembling tiny tesserae of red mother-of-pearl, chrysoprase, opaline and sodalite — the inspiration was drawn from a 7th-century BC pectoral preserved in the Department of Egyptian Antiquities at the Louvre. The creation of these two friezes required approximately 150 hours of work.

LAMASSU DE SARGON II
NEO-ASSYRIAN EMPIRE (934–609 BC)

Monumental in scale, the winged human-headed figures from the palace of Khorsabad rank among the most impressive treasures in the Louvre’s Department of Near Eastern Antiquities. These five-metre-high Lamassus
— part bull, part eagle, part man — once guarded the gates of the palace and city of Sargon II, king of Assyria, in what is now northern Iraq. Through numerous conquests, Assyria became a vast empire during the first millennium BC, extending from its Mesopotamian heartland to Egypt, Anatolia, and Persia. Its rulers commissioned grand palaces, such as Dur-Sharrukin — present-day Khorsabad — built by Sargon II, whose reign lasted from 721 to 705 BC. Everything was designed to evoke grandeur, including these Lamassus, the protective guardians of the city.

Carved from enormous blocks of alabaster, these sculptures combine high relief for the body with sculpture in the round for the head. With their braided beards, outstretched wings and five sculpted legs designed to create the illusion of movement depending on the viewing angle, the Lamassus were originally painted, like all the reliefs decorating Assyrian palaces. Identified during pioneering excavations conducted by the French archaeologist Paul-Émile Botta from 1843 onwards, the remains of Sargon II’s palace marked the beginning of the archaeological rediscovery of the Assyrians, previously known mainly through the Bible and other ancient texts. Some of these remains are displayed at the Louvre; others remain on site or can be seen in the museums of Baghdad and Mosul in Iraq. Today, the “Khorsabad Court” at the Louvre evokes the palace environment with original works and two plaster casts.

The gold base of the dial features stone champlevé work — a technique inspired by enamelling in which tiny tesserae are inserted into a framework engraved directly into the material. This highly figurative composition, combining slender rods of red agate and blue dumortierite, draws its inspiration from a mural painting of a winged human-headed bull discovered at Til Barsip (Syria) dating from the 8th century BC and reproduced on a scroll preserved at the Louvre.

This base is also engraved and enhanced with flinqué enamel to create a sense of depth. The technique consists of engraving the material according to the desired motif — here the feathers of the Lamassu — before applying several layers of translucent enamel, in this case tinted red. Once the decorative setting has been established — after 145 hours of work — the applique of the Lamassu exhibited at the Louvre is added. It is executed in glyptics from limestone sandstone originating from Italy, a stone slightly harder than gypsum. To accentuate the features of the androcephalous creature, the engraver completes the work with a hand-applied patina. The outer frieze is made of engraved gold, based on a motif depicted in an 1863 painting held at the Louvre showing The Visit of the Pasha of Mosul to the Digs of Khorsabad.

ATHÉNA DE VELLETRI
ANCIENT GREECE (480–323 BC)

The majestic Pallas of Velletri preserved at the Louvre embodies the power and martial wisdom of the patron goddess of Athens. Discovered in 1797 near Velletri, south of Rome, this marble statue standing over three meters high is a Roman copy of a Greek original sculpted around 430 BC by Cresilas, a contemporary of Phidias who is also credited with a celebrated portrait of Pericles. Athens conceived this Pallas only a few decades after its victory over the vast Persian Empire during the Greco-Persian Wars. The rising power of Athens had just established its hegemony over a large part of the Greek world, notably thanks to the strength and efficiency of its fleet. This period marks the “Golden Age of Athens”, when the city-state experienced an unprecedented era of prosperity and influence on intellectual, political, and artistic levels.

The Pallas statue in the Louvre, depicted wearing a helmet and draped in a peplos, experienced a particularly eventful history. After passing through the hands of the renowned Roman sculptor and restorer Vincenzo Pacetti (1746–1820), it was purchased by France during the Directoire and exhibited at the Villa Medici, before being seized by the troops of Ferdinand IV of Naples during the capture of Rome in 1798. It was Napoleon who, fascinated by the symbolism of this warrior goddess of wisdom, negotiated its acquisition in 1801 during the peace treaty signed in Florence between France and the defeated Kingdom of Naples. Two years later, the statue entered the collections of the Louvre.

The majesty of the Pallas of Velletri is conveyed through glyptic work executed in marble from Paros, a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. This is the same stone as that used for the original statue, renowned for its dazzling whiteness and large-crystal composition. On the dial, the goddess of Athens is depicted in three-quarter view from a slightly low angle, giving her a commanding posture over the world. Hand-patinated to accentuate shadows and relief, the applique is mounted on a gold dial previously entrusted to the enameller. The latter created a black champlevé enamel frieze on the yellow-gold base with lace-like precision. A krater preserved at the Louvre, painted by Aegisthus around 460 BC and depicting the murder of Tityos, provided inspiration for this frieze, which is itself framed by a second one in engraved and patinated white gold inspired by a Dionysian scene.

The centre of the dial is decorated with a stone marquetry composition inspired by a Greek amphora from Milo dating from the late 5th century BC. The original depicts the battle between giants and gods fighting from chariots drawn by horses. These same horses appear in the central marquetry of this piece, executed in onyx and creamy white and orange mookaite. Faithful to the original, it captures the vigour and expressiveness of the horses through miniature painting applied to the stones marquetry. Around 60 hours of work were required to create this part of the dial.

TIBRE DE L’ISEUM CAMPENSE
IMPERIAL ROME (27 BC – 476 AD)

Discovered in Rome in 1512 on the site of a sanctuary dedicated to the Egyptian gods Isis and Serapis, the imposing marble sculpture of the god Tiber, measuring 1.76 metres in height, depicts the aged, bearded river god reclining on a stone bed and holding a cornucopia overflowing with fruits and ears of grain. At his side, the she-wolf nurses Romulus and Remus, recalling the founding myth of Rome. Monumental and allegorical, the statue of the Tiber celebrates the narrative of the city’s origins. The Tiber was indeed a vital artery without which the Eternal City, located in its lower valley, would never have experienced such growth. During the time of the Empire founded by Augustus in 27 BC, Rome had a population of around one million inhabitants — a figure that cities such as London or Paris would only equal at the beginning of the 19th century.

The statue of the Tiber is among the many works seized by Napoleon Bonaparte in Italy following the Treaty of Tolentino in 1797 and transported to the Louvre for display. After the fall of the Empire in 1815, some of the works taken from Italy and Germany were returned, but the statue of the Tiber — presented by Pope Pius VII to the new king Louis XVIII — remained in France.

At the centre of the dial, shown in three-quarter view, the head of the Tiber and his cornucopia are executed in glyptics on marble. The stone used for this applique originates from Italy, as is the case with the original statue. Sculpted and patinated to highlight every detail, this depiction of the river god is highly realistic, conveying the impression of tranquil power expressed by the sculpture. Facing it is a second applique executed in stone micro-mosaic, inspired by a mosaic dating from the late 2nd century AD discovered in Utica (Henchir Bou Chateur in Tunisia), also preserved at the Louvre. Its floral decoration is reproduced using thousands of fragments of jasper, chrysocolla and opaline. The interstices between the stones, serving as joints within the composition, are finished with miniature painting in several colours matching the stones.

The gold base dial supports these two appliques. Textured with gold leaf, giving it a subtly grained appearance, it is then covered with translucent enamel. An engraved mother-of-pearl frieze executed in drypoint surrounds the composition. It is inspired by a Campana plaque — a terracotta relief from the Louvre dating from the 1st century BC — depicting a Dionysian dance scene. The creation of this dial requires collaborative work between the engraver, enameller and micro-mosaic artisan.

AN ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL PARTNERSHIP

Vacheron Constantin and the Louvre formalised their artistic and cultural partnership in 2019. United by the same vocation of conserving, preserving and transmitting the arts and artisanal knowledge, the two institutions collaborate on various projects. One of the first outcomes of this alliance took shape during the “Bid for the Louvre” auction held in 2020 to raise funds supporting the museum’s cultural solidarity initiatives. For the occasion, Vacheron Constantin imagined a distinctive experience: the highest bidder could select a work of art from the Louvre to be reproduced by the Maison’s master artisans on the dial of a bespoke watch. This is how the piece Les Cabinotiers – Tribute to Peter Paul Rubens, The Fight for the Standard of the Battle of Anghiari was created in 2023.

The Métiers d’Art Tribute to great civilisations series of watches presented in 2022 brought together the Maison and the museum in celebrating the splendours of the past and the means of perpetuating them. More recently, as part of its 270th anniversary in 2025, Vacheron Constantin chose the Louvre to unveil and exhibit La Quête du Temps, an astronomical automaton clock comprising 2,370 components and 22 complications. It was displayed within the museum alongside other works, including La Création du Monde, an 18th-century masterpiece of precision clockmaking whose restoration was supported by Vacheron Constantin in 2016.

The post MÉTIERS D’ART TRIBUTE TO GREAT CIVILISATIONS A NEW SERIES INSPIRED BY MASTERPIECES FROM THE LOUVRE appeared first on Arab Watch Guide.

This year we kick it off with a very special collaboration; a first for the club and for Baume et Mercier – we decided to develop a new watch off catalogue that represents an artistic take on the Clifton line from Baume et Mercier

We introduce the Baume et Mercier Opal Mozaic Dial for Arab Watch Club. We started this project after Geneva Watch days in September 2025, right after a visit to the Museum where we discovered a wealth of incredible historical releases from the brand since 1830s… but what caught my attention was the erea of the 30s and 40s where the blend of shapes and stones with predominant.

From there an idea came to mind and I immediately proposed it to Michael Guenoun , CEO of Baume et Mercier. In our conversation, I mentioned to him that I would love to blend the past and future into one edition for AWC. A baumatic movement with a stone dial, more precisely an Opal stone broken into several Mosaic pieces. I chose Opal, because for me personally i believe it is the most elevated and elegant stone in the world and its colors and diversity is mesmerising. The idea of reshaping the stone into smaller pieces combined as a Mosaic will create a  kind of Art Deco look for the watch, a much more unique dial for each collector and also an homage to a craft very well knows in the Levant using Mother of pearl into furniture, architecture and more.

Let’s talk about Baumatic movement first

• Power Reserve: 120 hours (5 days), significantly higher than standard movements.
• Accuracy: COSC-certified chronometer precision, often within seconds per day.
• Durability: High resistance to everyday magnetic fields and enhanced reliability.
• Maintenance: Long service intervals, often supported by a 5-year to 8-year warranty

The Baumatic, produced by Richemont Group-owned Baume & Mercier, is designed to offer high-end, in-house, “manufacture” watchmaking at a more accessible luxury price point

The dial animation of course is the focus of this edition – the opal stones have been carefully sources to have a color combination mix of green, blue and pink hues to create a playful display once broken into Mosaic.

The feature comes in a 39mm Stainless Steel bracelet with a very slick Clifton case with curves that blend very well with the lugs drop – the strap is a green croco strap that complements the colors of the dial – each watch is numbered One of 30 and has the initials of the collector on its case back. This is edition is an expression of love and art for the horology world and a start of a new era for our Club Special Editions.

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Since it was first published over 80 years ago, “The Little Prince” has remained immensely popular with both children and adults. The enchanting story follows a Little Prince as he embarks on a journey through space to faraway planets, gaining valuable insights along the way. In his most famous literary work, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry explores profound philosophical themes such as love, loss, and friendship. One of the book’s iconic quotes is, “It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye.” It serves as a potent reminder that true understanding and beauty come from emotions and feelings, rather than merely seeing. IWC Schaffhausen now introduces its first Le Petit Prince edition in the Portofino collection.

The Portofino Automatic Day & Night 34 Le Petit Prince (Ref. IW459806) features a compact 34-millimetre case crafted in durable stainless steel. The design of this elegant and timeless dress watch is complemented with a deep blue dial with gold-plated hands and appliques. These dials, which are treated with an elaborate sunray finish, are a signature feature of IWC’s special editions honoring Saint-Exupéry’s timeless tale.

A highlight of this watch is the day-and-night indication at 6 o’clock, which visualises the continuous transition between day and night and completes one full rotation every 24 hours. At noon or at midnight, either the sun or the moon appears in the upper section of the small disc, indicating whether it is currently day or night. As a charming design detail, the Little Prince is depicted standing on the moon, gazing at the starry night sky. The stainless steel case back also features an engraving of the Little Prince.

This watch is powered by the Calibre 35180, which features an automatic winding system and has a power reserve of 50 hours. It is paired with a hand-coloured blue calfskin strap from the Italian leather artisan Santoni, which is equipped with a quick-change system and a butterfly folding clasp.

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“The Big Bang Reloaded is a masterful statement. It embodies Hublot’s growth as a Manufacture and the evolution of the Big Bang collection and the Unico caliber over time. Hublot introduced the Big Bang Original featuring the Unico caliber earlier this year, inspired by the 2005 original model with a closed dial, yet reimagined and powered from now on by the Unico manufacture caliber. That was a turning point: our in-house caliber now drives the entire Big Bang collection. The next step for us was clear: to re-engineer the openworked Big Bang Unico itself, now more expressive and rebuilt from the inside out”, said Julien Tornare, CEO of Hublot.

FROM THE INSIDE OUT

In 2026, the icon returns, rebuilt from the inside out, carrying the same DNA with new energy, evolved mechanics, sharper design and a stronger identity. The Big Bang Reloaded ushers the Big Bang and the Unico legacy into the next era.

INSIDE: THE UNICO
Launched in 2010, just a year after the debut of Hublot’s Manufacture, the Unico caliber has continuously evolved, with reworked components, optimized architecture and refined proportions. In 2018, the base caliber and chronograph module became a fully integrated caliber, re-engineered for higher performance and trimmed to fit into multiple cases. Sixteen years after its launch, that evolution continues, with a caliber that is even more visible, taking center stage.

The Big Bang Reloaded brings performance and legibility to the forefront. As one of the most advanced integrated chronographs of its generation, the Unico caliber features 5 patented innovations: backlash-compensating oscillating clutch, an anti-shaking chronograph hand system, a “zero friction” ratchet wheel blocker, a watch rate fine-adjustment system and highly shock-resistant time-setting. Beyond amplifying the visibility of the caliber’s architecture and technical depth, this reloaded vision places the Unico caliber at center stage, with color and contrast making its mechanics more visible than ever. The color-highlighted column wheel at 6 o’clock and the dual oscillating clutch at 8 o’clock immediately draw attention to the manufacture flyback chronograph caliber. The chronograph counter at 3 o’clock has been redesigned, the date repositioned between 4 and 5 o’clock and the flyback function reinforced with subtle color details. A new chronograph hand marks precision in action. On the back, contrast plays across a new openworked rotor featuring a cut-out H engraved with the inscription “Hublot. Design. Manufacture. Nyon”, along with the balance, barrel and going train.

OUTSIDE: AMPLIFIED BIG BANG ARCHITECTURE
The Big Bang Reloaded stays true to its iconic design while asserting a bolder, sportier character. The 44 mm case features amplified architecture with a two-part bezel, creating sharper contrasts and enabling dynamic interaction between materials and finishes. The multilayer dial plays with textures and surfaces, giving depth and a technical edge. The chronograph becomes a standout feature, with a colored ring on the 4 o’clock push-piece, a redesigned minutes counter at 3 o’clock, a flyback inscription and the date repositioned between 4 and 5 o’clock. Each watch comes with two wristbands: one in fabric-inspired rubber with H-pattern stitching and the other in classic black rubber, both secured by a folding clasp and patented One Click system enabling either an instantly sporty or elegant style.

MATERIAL STATEMENT

The Big Bang Reloaded celebrates Hublot’s mastery of materials and key anniversaries: 20 years of the All Black Concept (2006) and 15 years of Magic Gold (2011). These permanent collection timepieces fuse decades of research, innovation and craftsmanship into a single icon. The Magic Gold model celebrates the world’s first scratch-resistant 18K gold, the second hardest material after diamond, created through four years of R&D in partnership with EPFL’s Metallurgy Lab, produced entirely in-house at Hublot Manufacture in Nyon and distinguished by its signature bronze glow. Ceramic takes shape in three references: the All Black edition marking 20 years of the radical “visibility through invisibility” concept; along with blue and dark green models showcasing Hublot’s full-color high-tech ceramic mastery rendering this material 300 Vickers harder than its conventional counterpart. The fifth reference blends Titanium and Black Ceramic, combining lightweight aerospace-grade titanium with technical ceramic to ensure robustness, along with a titanium bezel and case fitted with a black ceramic case-back, just like the first Big Bang Unico launched in 2013.

The post BIG BANG RELOADED: AN ICON OF AUDACITY AND MASTERY, FROM CALIBER TO MATERIAL. appeared first on Arab Watch Guide.

In 1986, IWC Schaffhausen introduced its first wristwatch with a case crafted from black zirconium oxide ceramic. Over the past four decades, the Swiss luxury watch manufacturer has continuously expanded its expertise with this highly engineered material. Ceramic offers compelling advantages such as its light weight, hardness and scratch-resistance. After introducing the first Ingenieur in black zirconium oxide ceramic last year, IWC complements the collection with a new model crafted entirely from dark olive green ceramic, underscoring its coloured ceramic expertise.

The Ingenieur Automatic 42 (Ref. IW338902) features a case ring, bezel, case back ring and crown protection made of dark olive green ceramic. Coloured ceramic is made by mixing zirconium oxide with other metallic oxides in a precisely defined mixing ratio. As the colour changes during the sintering process, it is highly complex to achieve a uniform shade across different components. The integrated ceramic bracelet is attached to the case ring via its middle links, making it sit ergonomically on the wrist. As ceramic is lighter than steel, the bracelet offers excellent wearing comfort. The “Grid”-patterned dial features the same green hue as the ceramic components. The new Ingenieur Automatic 42 is also distinguished by golden accents. Its crown is crafted from 18-carat 5N gold. The screws that secure the bezel to the case ring are made of 18-carat Armor Gold®, a material with significantly higher hardness values than conventional gold alloys. The hands and appliques are gold-plated and both filled with Super-LumiNova®.

A MULT I – PA R T C E R A M I C C A SE C ON S T R U C T I ON

The manufacturing of ceramic watch cases and components represents a true feat of engineering. One of many challenges is that the parts shrink by about one-third during the sintering process. This loss in size must be factored in already during the design phase. The new Ingenieur Automatic 42 is a true-to-proportion ceramic execution of the Gérald Genta-derived integrated bracelet design. IWC achieves this with a multi-part ceramic case construction, which eliminates the need for a movement container. A thin titanium ring secures the movement, holds the functional screws from both the front and the back, and ensures a high water resistance of 10 bar. The sapphire crystals and gaskets are pressed directly into the case and case back ring, respectively. This innovative approach yields a case construction that remains perfectly faithful to the original stainless steel design.

T H E C H A LLE N G E S O F F IN I SHING C E R A M I C

With a value of about 1300 on the Vickers scale, ceramic ranks among the hardest materials on Earth. After sintering, the material can only be processed further and machined using special diamond tools. With the Ingenieur Automatic 42, IWC once again underscores its expertise in ceramic finishing by combining satin finishing, sandblasting and polishing on the same watch. The case and bracelet components are satin-finished, and a delicate polishing is applied around their edges. Finally, a smooth sandblasting is added on top to achieve a refined look and just the right level of light reflection.

H I G H – EN D M OV EM EN T W I T H C E R A M I C C O M P O N E N T S

The Ingenieur Automatic 42 is powered by the IWC-manufactured 82110 calibre, featuring a Pellaton winding system and a 60-hour power reserve. Initially conceived by IWC’s former Technical Director, Albert Pellaton, during the 1950s, this efficient winding system utilises rotations of the oscillating mass in both directions to wind the mainspring. Parts that are subject to high stress are manufactured from zirconium oxide ceramic, making them essentially immune to wear and tear. The automatic wheel and the clicks are crafted from black ceramic, while the central rotor bearing is made of white ceramic. The balance wheel oscillating at 4 Hertz ensures a high level of precision. Elaborately decorated and finished with Geneva stripes, the movement can be viewed through the transparent sapphire glass case back.

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The Ingenieur Automatic 35 is a highly ergonomic automatic model with a case diameter of 35 millimetres and a thickness of just 9.4 millimetres. Despite its compact size, it retains all the characteristic design elements from the Gérald Genta-inspired Ingenieur. Key features include the distinctive bezel with five functional screws, an integrated bracelet attaching via its middle links and a “Grid” dial with applied metal markers. The Swiss luxury watch manufacturer now adds two new models to the collection.

The Ingenieur Automatic 35 (Ref. IW324911) is the first model in the current Ingenieur collection to feature diamonds. Its screw-on bezel, made from 18-carat 5N gold, is embellished with 45 white diamonds weighing a total of
0.7 carats. The edges of the bezel are polished, creating an elegant frame for the diamonds. This luxury sports watch boasts a stainless steel case and an integrated bracelet, complemented by a silver-plated “Grid” dial. The hands and appliques are gold-plated, and both are filled with Super-LumiNova® for enhanced legibility.

The Ingenieur Automatic 35 (Ref. IW324907) introduces IWC’s signature blue dial colour to the 35-millimetre Ingenieur collection. IWC has been producing watches with blue dials since the late 1960s, with one of the earliest models being the Ingenieur Automatic, Reference 866AD.

Today, blue is among the most sought-after dial colours. This new model combines a stainless steel case and bracelet with a deep blue “Grid” dial. The rhodium-plated hands and appliqués are filled with Super-LumiNova®.

The Ingenieur Automatic 35 impresses with its highly detailed finishing, which combines satin-finishing and polishing on the case and the bezel. Its bracelet pairs satin-finished H-links with beautifully polished middle links.

SE E – T H R O U G H S A P P HIR E G L A S S C A S E B AC K

Both new models feature transparent sapphire glass backs that showcase the 47110 calibre, which offers automatic winding and a power reserve of 42 hours. Finished with circular graining and Geneva stripes, the movement also features a gold-plated oscillating weight.

The two novelties complement the existing Ingenieur Automatic 35 collection. Previously, it included the Ingenieur Automatic 35 in 18-carat 5N gold with a gold-coloured dial (Ref. IW324903), as well as the Ingenieur Automatic 35 in stainless steel with a silver-plated dial (Ref. IW324901) and a black dial (Ref. IW324906).

The post IWC SCHAFFHAUSEN ADDS T WO NEW MODELS TO THE INGENIEUR AUTOMATIC 35 COLLECTION appeared first on Arab Watch Guide.

Born in 2016 with the Big Bang Impact Bang, the fragmented motif transcended traditional gemsetting, redefining visual intensity. In 2026, its architecture evolves, incorporating materials from diamonds to osmium, alongside polished rhodium-plated appliques and black-plated elements. Shards radiate from the bezel to the sapphire dial, while fragments orbit the moonphase at 6 o’clock. Each applique is hand-positioned and secured with micron-level precision.

Hublot pushes the limits of watchmaking once again, transforming extreme technical mastery into impact. For the first time in its history, diamonds are set directly into sapphire, a feat demanding extraordinary precision. Cutting, machining and securing gems in one of the hardest materials on Earth creates a bold statement, made possible only by Hublot’s mastery of materials and relentless innovation.

A first for Hublot: setting diamonds directly into sapphire.
While Hublot has demonstrated mastery over sapphire cases since the 2016 Big Bang Unico Sapphire, 2026 marks a new frontier. Machining sapphire, one of Earth’s hardest materials (9 Mohs), presents an extreme technical challenge in itself; however, setting diamonds within it introduces an entirely new dimension of complexity. The challenge intensifies because every gem is unique in size and cut, requiring individually adapted channels and mounts. Set within polished gold channels and secured between two framing strips, the diamonds are inserted into laser-machined mounts in the sapphire, ensuring absolute precision. Hundreds of hours are required to machine, polish and set a single case. In this 20-piece limited edition, 145 fancy-cut diamonds extend the Impact Bang motif from dial to bezel.

Impact becomes stellar: sapphire and osmium
Since 2014, Hublot has exclusively introduced crystallized osmium – considered the rarest metal on Earth – into watchmaking. Denser than platinum, harder and heavier, it features a naturally bluish radiance that shines like no other metal. Through a highly sophisticated crystallization process developed with Swiss scientists in Valais, osmium transforms into stable crystal form, unlocking its cosmic sparkle. In a 30-piece limited edition, rhodium-plated appliques alternate with osmium shards on the dial.

20 Years of All Black: making an impact
This year marks 20 years of the iconic Hublot All Black concept, the revolutionary idea that a watch can be seen by contrast, where black reigns supreme and understatement becomes a bold statement. Expressed in polished and microblasted black ceramic, the Spirit of Big Bang Impact plays with Hublot’s

invisible visibility, revealing texture through polished and microblasted finishing in a 100-piece limited edition. With tone-on-tone play, subtle reflections and material innovation, All Black is elusive at first glance and magnetic to behold. In the Spirit of Big Bang Impact, All Black ceramic proves that invisibility can make the strongest impact.

All three models are sculpted in Hublot 42 mm tonneau case. Introduced in 2014, the Spirit of Big Bang marked Hublot’s first move away from the round case. Still built on the Big Bang’s DNA of layered construction, exposed H-shaped screws and fearless material fusion, its case was literally made for impact. At the core of the three editions, the HUB1770 skeletonized automatic caliber with a 50-hour power reserve drives a skeletonized moon-phase display at 6 o’clock and a Big Date at 1 o’clock. This caliber doesn’t merely sit beneath the dial, instead actively participating in the impact.

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With the new Ingenieur, IWC Schaffhausen revisits the bold and visionary design created by Gérald Genta in the 1970s, pairing it with enhanced ergonomics and a highly detailed finishing. Since the launch of the Ingenieur Automatic 40 in 2023, the Swiss luxury watch manufacturer has continuously extended the collection with new sizes, materials and complications such as the emblematic crown-controlled perpetual calendar from Kurt Klaus. IWC now introduces an exclusive new model featuring the undisputed “queen of complications” in fine watchmaking, the tourbillon.

Limited to 100 pieces, the Ingenieur Tourbillon 41 (Ref. IW345901) features a 41.6 millimetres case and an integrated bracelet crafted from 18-carat 5N gold. The characteristic bezel, crown protection and crown are also made of this precious metal. Securing the bezel to the case back ring, the five functional screws are made of 18-carat Armor Gold®, a material with significantly higher hardness values than conventional gold alloys. Featuring the characteristic “Grid” pattern, the structured dial is a hallmark feature of the Ingenieur and adds a stunning level of texture and depth. Its dark olive green hue beautifully contrasts the gold. The hands are gold-plated, and the appliques, which are individually set by hand, are made of solid gold. As it combines various techniques, the Ingenieur Tourbillon 41 also boasts a high level of detail in its finishing. The case, bezel and bracelet links are satin-finished and

feature polished edges. Gold brings out the intricate lines and angles of the Ingenieur particularly well, underscoring the sculptural beauty of the Gérald Genta-inspired design.

S TAT E – O F – T H E – A R T T O U R B I LL O N AT 6 O ’ CL O CK

The tourbillon places the balance wheel and the escapement inside a small cage that rotates around its axis once every minute. This continuous rotation counteracts the effects of gravity on the oscillating system, contributing to a highly accurate rate. The flying minute tourbillon of the Ingenieur Tourbillon 41 is placed at the 6 o’clock position and suspended from gold-coated bridges, providing a stunning visual spectacle. Consisting of 56 individual parts, the delicate mechanism weighs just 0.635 grams. Due to the high number and minuscule size of its components, the tourbillon ranks among the most complex complications for a watchmaker to assemble. Thanks to the integrated tourbillon stop, the mechanism can be brought to a complete halt, allowing the watch to be set with down-to-the-second accuracy. The pallet lever and the escape wheel are treated with Diamond Shell® technology, an innovative coating that reduces friction and enhances the flow of energy in the movement.

H I G H – EN D M OV EM EN T W I T H P E L L AT ON W IN D ING

The Ingenieur Tourbillon 41 is powered by the IWC-manufactured 82905 calibre. Its highly efficient Pellaton winding system utilises the rotor’s movements in both directions to reliably build up a power reserve of 80 hours in the mainspring. Components of the winding system that are subject to high stress are manufactured from virtually wear-free zirconium oxide ceramic. Among these are the automatic wheel and the clicks, which are crafted from black ceramic, while the rotor bearing is made of white ceramic. The movement also features a high level of detail in the finishing. As an example, the automatic bridge and the rotor are both gold-plated and decorated with Geneva stripes. The oscillating mass features an integrated “Probus Scafusia” medallion, crafted from solid gold and symbolising IWC’s commitment to craftsmanship and quality.

The post THE IWC SCHAFFHAUSEN INGENIEUR TOURBILLON 41 IN 18 – CAR AT 5 N GOLD WITH A FLYING MIN UTE TOURBILLON appeared first on Arab Watch Guide.